About Birth
Stillbirths in U.S. can be prevented
By Marissa Cevallos
April 14, 2011
Stillborn births aren’t declining very much. More than 2 million
babies are stillborn worldwide every year, and almost 26,000 of them
are in the U.S.,
reported researchers in a comprehensive series on fetal deaths
in
The Lancet.
Poor medical care is a big factor in areas like sub-Saharan Africa
and South Asia, where three-quarters of the deaths occur.
But in high-income countries like the U.S. -- where 1 in 200 babies
who reach 22 weeks dies -- researchers found a wide range of
possible causes. As it turns out, many of the preventable risks
researchers found are the same ones that put adults at risk for
diabetes and heart disease.
Let’s take a look behind
the numbers.
Researchers analyzed
96 studies of stillbirth in high-income countries and calculated
how different risk factors would affect the countries with the
highest stillbirth rate (U.S., Australia, Canada, Netherlands and
the UK).
They found that in high-income countries, obesity is the biggest
risk factor for a stillbirth. About 4,000 stillbirths in the U.S.
may be attributed to being overweight, they calculated. Putting on
weight between pregnancies, even if you weren’t overweight to begin
with, will increase the odds of a stillbirth too.
Heavy smoking nearly doubles the odds of a stillbirth—some 1,097
deaths may be attributed to mothers smoking more than 10 cigarettes
per day. And waiting until later in life to have a baby may increase
the odds of a stillbirth by 65% -- the researchers calculated 1,116
deaths could be related to giving birth after age 35.
Researchers write in an
accompanying paper:
“In high-income countries, there is an expectation that every
pregnancy will end with the birth of a healthy baby. Yet about one
baby out of every 200 (who reaches 22 weeks' gestation or more) is
stillborn. Public perception is that stillbirths are a thing of the
past, but these are not rare events. The effect of a stillbirth on
parents is devastating and long term: to many of these parents the
death of their baby before birth is no less a death than is the
death of any other child…families are often left with intense grief
and damaging psychological and social problems for many years.”
Socioeconomic status, while harder to measure, is also associated
with higher odds of stillbirth. The researchers found disparities in
race within the U.S.—African American women are more likely to have
a stillbirth than white women, a phenomenon that persists even after
socioeconomic status and other factors are accounted for.
Researchers have struggled to explain the disparity.
But many of the factors that people can change—obesity and smoking,
for example—are the same as those that change a person’s risk for
many other diseases. Focusing on healthier diets, exercise and less
smoking would have health benefits for babies and adults.
Marissa Cevallos
Freelance health writer for the Los Angeles Times
Charleston, West Virginia Area
University of California, Santa Cruz and California Institute of
Technology |